Notes on Cry Essay

The dance’s plan is to depict the battle and quality of the African American ladies who were in the slave exchange; how ladies so oppressed and caught can even now figure out how to be so free. â€Å"I caught wind of lynching’s, Having that sort of experience as a youngster left a sentiment of anger in me that I think invades my work† Alvin Ailey. â€Å"She rises again to wear the material as a cloak, at that point steps on its closures as though limited by it to the ground†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"The last stance reflects the initial stance of the move, recommending a repeating unavoidable movement of dissatisfaction and despair†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ailey has preoccupied this story to depict the woman’s despair. BEEN ON A TRAIN The utilization of the percussive piano accents according to development. For instance, the dynamic accentuation of the motions Ailey employments. â€Å"The intensity of Cry exudes from its disobediently moving pictures of character in its first area, the no-limit chasm of distress drew closer in its subsequent segment and the otherworldly nature of euphoric confidence occupied with the third section.† â€Å" Cry got significant as a demonstration of concurrent rebellion and discharge. As a portrayal of contemporary African Americanâ identity, the move freed crowd and artist in itsâ modernistic layering of development classes, particularly itsâ conspicuous utilization of neoAfrican body part isolations.† In this work there are three unmistakable areas and for each new segment, there is another tune that is played. The melodies utilized in this work are ‘Something About John Coltrane’ by Alice Coltrane, ‘Been On A Train’ by Laura Nyro and ‘Right On. Be Free.’ by The Voices Of East Harlem. In two or three these tunes the word ‘north’ is utilized a considerable amount. My personalâ interpretation is that these slaves maybe observed opportunity or potentially shelter in North America, wished to be there yet something halted them. She plainly showed Ailey’s mother’s battles just as some other African American woman’s battles at the time as a captive to their battle for opportunity.

Barriers and solutions to international trade

Boundaries and answers for global exchange INTRODUCION This exposition gives a diagram of the boundaries to worldwide exchange looked by economies today with instances of obstructions looked in different nations, and their answers. Worldwide exchange advances exclusive expectation of living for exchanging countries and consequently, notwithstanding its different sick impacts, it is ideal to rehearse universal exchange as it gives financial and social advantages to economies realizing an upswing in worldwide economy. This exposition endeavors to uncover, the general boundaries worldwide exchange faces by and by and its answers with late models. Universal TRADE: AN INTRODUCTION Exchange among nations has existed for a significant stretch at this point. The exchange among Asia and Europe denotes this reality as Morrison (2006, pp.314-315) inspects that these two mainlands have occupied with Trade since an extensive stretch. He likewise proposes that with time, global exchange has progressed significantly to the extent volume and examples of exchange between countries is concerned. Morrison (2006) has alluded to figures by the World Trade Organization (2004, refered to in International Trade Statistics 2003, World Trade Developments 2002) from the official site of the WTO that Asias portion of worldwide product sends out has step by step expanded, Northern Americas share has somewhat diminished and Western Europes share has recuperated from a destruction in 2001, yet not as much as it did in 1990. Morrison further recommends, from 2000 to 2002, Chinas fares and imports rose by 30 percent and today, China is one of the universes biggest merchants. In this mann er, we may take note of that International exchange assumes a fundamental job in globalization inclines on the planet economy. UNDERSTANDING TRADE PROTECTIONISM Protectionism is The conscious use or consolation of limitations on imports to empower moderately wasteful household makers to contend effectively with outside makers, or to ensure and safeguard those enterprises and makers considered of basic national intrigue. (McCracken, 2005) Coughlin et al (1988) express that Protectionist Trade Policies are intended to improve the situation of household items when contrasted with its outside counterparts, and this might be done through different strategies by augmentation of the market cost of the remote item or by notwithstanding access of outside items to the residential market. They clarify that protectionist exchange strategies mean to grow residential creation in the ensured ventures to assist the proprietors, providers and laborers of the secured business. Anyway this may prompt a downturn in the utilization of ensured merchandise because of either related ascent in its cost or purchasers begin utilizing less of different products because of the decrease in yields and increment in costs. Coughlin et al henceforth, contend that residential customers are supposed to be debilitated as the cost of the secured products continue expanding. Subsequently, forcing of levies lead to local makers and the legislatures gain, while residential purchasers and other household makers misfortune. These exchange arrangements likewise influence remote interests. Organized commerce ITS THEORIES Organized commerce is exchange between countries that is unencumbered by Government imperatives, for example, taxes, limitations, and different obstructions. (Monetary Times Limited, 2009) Hypothesis of Absolute Advantage Barnat (2005) featured certain focuses from Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations 1776 that clarify what this hypothesis discusses. He referenced that the countrys rehearsing or ready to rehearse facilitated commerce should progress in the direction of boosting the proficiency of the merchandise and items they bargain in, and that this hypothesis depends on the supposition that the country delivering a specific decent is totally better at creation of that great or ware than the remainder of its exchanging accomplices, subsequently calling this the supreme preferred position of the country over different countries. The hypothesis of Absolute Advantage proposes specialization through organized commerce as it benefits the buyers in the event that they can manage the cost of outside made items at a relatively less expensive cost than household items. (Warhurst, 2009) Hypothesis of Comparative Advantage Barnat (2005, refered to in Ricardo, 1817) had hypothesized that in Ricardos hypothesis of near preferred position regardless of whether a specific country can deliver every one of its merchandise at a relatively lower cost than another nation then it benefits the exchange of both the nations, in light of the similar expenses. Coughlin et al (1998, refered to in Ricardos Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, 1817) exhibited that two nations viz. Britain and Portugal were appeared to create a similar two merchandise wine and material and the main creation costs were work costs. It was indicated that England was relatively less effective to deliver the two merchandise as it was similarly costlier to create those products in England. Thusly, it was said in this show Portugal had an outright favorable position in these two products. As per this model, work was the main asset considered to deliver these merchandise when work is among the numerous assets used to create these products. Likewise, the creation expenses of the extra units have been taken to be steady in this show, however unit creation as referenced by Coughlin et al here, is liable to diminish or increment contingent upon the creation. Elwell (2005) recommends that the additions from exchange are shared in spite of either countries supreme bit of leeway or weakness in the proficiency with which they produce every single tradable great. The distinction in pace of creation of one great must be restricted for the development of another great among nations with the end goal that there is a similar preferred position among the two countries to such an extent that both advantage effectively from exchange. A country isn't to contend yet take a gander at the shared advantages from exchange. Hence, every nation must create what they excel at generally. Near bit of leeway is clear in exercises that utilize lavish beneficial asset. Elwell clarifies this announcement with the assistance of a case of the U.S. what's more, China. He expresses that China, with a general wealth of low gifted work would think that its valuable to take part underway that requires low talented work, in exchange. Then again, the U.S. represents consid erable authority underway of products that require high gifted work. Additionally, the creation of merchandise can be drilled with the end goal that a piece of the great is delivered in one nation while another nation can bargain in creating another part required for the creation of the great henceforth rehearsing the hypothesis of relative bit of leeway. For instance American equipment organizations send their items to China since it is significantly more financially savvy because of low pursued work in China. This goes about as a similar favorable position for the two nations. Because of political thought processes, different governments despite everything attempt to block the arrangement of organized commerce disregarding its acknowledgment universally, in Hendersons see. Hindrances TO INTERNATIONAL TRADE Tax Barriers Taxes as per Coughlin et al (2009) are charges forced on products entering a nation from another nation. They recommend that levy incomes are paid to the legislature of the nation that permits the merchandise to enter its country and this income is utilized to fund taxpayer driven organizations. Along these lines, as Sumner et al (2002?) state, Tariffs are among the most seasoned type of government intercession and are actualized to give income to the administration and they additionally give monetary comes back to firms and providers of assets of the local business that face rivalry from imported items. Sumner et al further recommend that in 1948, when normal levy on fabricated merchandise expanded by 30 percent in many created nations, these economies haggled for the decrease of tax on made products under the General Agreement on Tariff Trade (GATT), in any case, just in the latest exchanges on this issue in Uruguay, the exchange and tax limitations were tended to. Duties are equip ped for hampering country to-country exchange, or as Sumner et al include, in the event that levies set are exceptionally high, at that point it can square universal exchange and subsequently, act like import bans. Portion System Henderson (2009), states, in the portion framework, there is significantly more organization included and for this situation, the legislature isn't the source from where the income is produced. Under the amount framework as recommended by Coughlin et al (2009), the costs increment in the home market and this empowers local makers to expand creation and buyers to decrease utilization. Coughlin et al further express that the standard produces an income addition to the proprietor of import licenses. Non-Tariff Barriers (NTB) The Non-levy boundaries can be grouped further as the administrative obstructions, appropriations and trade controls. Sponsoring local makers is one approach to confine terms under which outsiders can contend in the home market as proposed by Coughlin et al (2009). They likewise express that limiting access to outside cash to purchase remote merchandise is known as Exchange Control. Model Karugia et al (2009) express that the fundamental sort of non tax hindrances looked in East Africa during Maize and Beef exchange were customs documentation and managerial techniques, quality investigation, traveling systems and migration, which are largely awkward and costly. He expresses that these hindrances decrease the potential advantages of exchange inclinations, lead to gigantic government assistance misfortune as cost of business exercises increment. Accordingly, exchange among the East African countries, in hamburger and maize was seen as low as Karugia et al propose. Tax Rate Quota Sumner et al (2002) have likewise examined what is known as a Tariff-Rate Quota (TRQ). It is supposed to be the mix of the thoughts of duty and share. The usage of a TRQ is an awesome thought to support the two nations that bringing in and the one sending out, and the concerned governments. Arrangements like the Tariff-Rate Quota assist actualize with exchanging practice between tally

Where to Find IB Physics Past Papers - Free and Official

Where to Find IB Physics Past Papers - Free and Official SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips At the point when you take the IB Physics test, you'll be anxious regardless. Be that as it may, having seen a training test already will be an enormous advantage since you'll know the arrangement of the test cold and will be utilized to the length and style of the test. In this article, I will in any event attempt to get you acquainted with the test group by presenting you to IB Physics past papers, both free and paid. I'll additionally share procedures on how best to utilize these IB Physics tests for your own test prep. Where to Find Free Past Papers Since the IB has gotten extremely severe as of late about individuals wrongfully transferring past papers, a ton of past sources aren't accessible any more. Moreover, IBO presently can't seem to transfer a free example Physics paper on its site for understudies to use as training (despite the fact that in the event that it does, we'll update this article with a connection). I have not had the option to locate any informal IB Physics past papers (ones made without any preparation). You ought to be extremely careful about any you find. I DO NOT suggest utilizing them, as they might be totally different from the real IB Physics test. Something very similar goes for tests you may discover via scanning for IB Physics past papers online-on the grounds that they're not authoritatively discharged by IBO, it is highly unlikely to know whether they're genuine (thus illicitly transferred) or developed (thus not intelligent of the real test). Your most logical option for rehearsing with real tests, as opposed to simply auditing your notes and tests, is to purchase genuine IB tests. Where to Find Paid IB Physics Tests The IBO sells the IB Physics SL and HL past papers from November 2015 to November 2018 on their site. This is the main safe spot to get IB Physics past papers to download. To discover them, look for material science test paper. From there, you can sort by discharge date and language. Each paper and each imprint conspire costs $3 (or $3.99 for the latest test). One full test (counting paper 1, paper 2, paper 3, and the imprint plot for each) will cost you about $18. Purchasing the entirety of the past papers and imprint plans from 2015-2018 can wind up costing several US dollars, so in case you're hoping to spend as meager as could be expected under the circumstances, I suggest simply buying the latest (May 2018 and November 2018) past papers, as they will be nearest to what you realized. 3 Strategies to Use IB Physics Past Papers Effectively Since each training test takes 3 hours for SL or 4.5 hours for HL, it's significant that you take advantage of each test. Here are significant hints to remember when you're stepping through the examinations: #1: Take Papers 1 and 2 Consecutively If Possible The IB Physics SL and IB Physics HL papers are a long distance race, driving you to sit and focus for 2 hours for SL and 3 hours and 15 minutes for HL. You have to develop continuance so you don't commit imprudent errors toward the finish of the test. By taking the training test at a time, you develop significant perseverance for the genuine test. In the event that you don't have time in your calendar for a 2-hour or 3-hour 15-minute meeting, at that point separating it over numerous days is OK. Simply ensure you adhere to the following principle: #2: Keep Strict Timing on Each Section with a Timer It is fundamental that you become accustomed to the planning pressures on the IB Physics papers. Here is the planning: IB Physics SL IB Physics SL Paper 1-45 minutes IB Physics SL Paper 2-1 hour 15 minutes IB Physics SL Paper 3 60 minutes IB Physics HL IB Physics HL Paper 1 60 minutes IB Physics HL Paper 2-2 hours 15 minutes IB Physics HL Paper 3-1 hour 15 minutes In this time, you are relied upon to finish: IB Physics SL SL Paper 1: 30 numerous decision questions SL Paper 2: 2 sections, Section An: answer the entirety of 3 or 4 short reactions and Section B: pick 1 article question (you pick between 3 choices) SL Paper 3: Answer the entirety of the inquiries for your 2 choices: 4-6 short reaction addresses that each can have between 2-5 sections IB Physics HL HL Paper 1: 40 different decision questions HL Paper 2: 2 sections, Section An: answer all of 5 short reaction addresses that each can have between 3-10 sections and Section B: pick 2 exposition questions (you pick between 4 choices) HL Paper 3: Answer the entirety of the inquiries for your 2 choices: at least 5 short reaction or potentially exposition inquiries with different parts (shifts dependent on the alternatives that you shrouded in your group) Try not to give yourself even two additional minutes-this can permit you to accomplish more inquiries and improve your score generously. We need to utilize these training papers as dependable pointers of your genuine score. #3: Review Your Answers Toward the finish of each test, ensure you audit each error you made, and each question you got right. In the event that you sidestep this progression, you're not going to gain from your missteps, and you'll keep making them again and again. A general guideline is to go through at any rate 1.5 hours assessing each full practice tests. This takes a great deal of time, yet stress nature of learning over amount of learning. I'd preferably observe you step through 2 examinations with point by point audit over 5 tests with no survey. What’s Next? Review your material science information with our advisers for computing increasing speed and understanding the law of protection of mass, just as our conversation of the particular warmth of water and why it's one of a kind. Get familiar with IB Physics: The Complete IB Physics Syllabus: SL and HL IB Physics Study Guide Get familiar with the IB Program through our different articles: The Complete List of IB Courses and Classes Which IB Courses Can I Take Online? Would i be able to Get an Online IB Diploma? Need to improve your SAT score by 160 or your ACT score by 4? We've composed a guide for each test about the main 5 procedures you should use to have a taken shots at improving your score. Download it with the expectation of complimentary at this point:

At Kelley, Games Help Solve Ethical Puzzles

At Kelley, Games Help Solve Ethical Puzzles by: Naomi Nishihara on April 11, 2017 | 0 Comments Comments 1,288 Views April 11, 2017The Crimson DilemmaSay  a friend asks you to recommend them for an internship, but you have doubts about their abilities. What should you do? You have a few options: You could refuse, you could recommend him or her anyway, or you could say that youll recommend them — and  then dont. It’s a sticky situation, and not everyone agrees on the best course of action. But at the Indiana University Kelley School of Business, undergraduate business majors  in a required upper-level ethics course must come up with an answer. To help them out, students are introduced to  a video game called The Crimson Dilemma.LIKE A FLIGHT SIMULATOR, BUT FOR ETHICSThe Crimson Dilemma is an online, interactive role-player game that takes Kelley students through two episodes of tough choices. In one, the game simulates an internship at a pharmaceutical compan y, and  the player encounters ethical conundrums  like recommending or not recommending a  friend for an internship. The rest of the game changes based on the players  decisions. â€Å"We try to put students in real-world situations,† says Todd Haugh, assistant professor of business law and ethics at Kelley. â€Å"The Crimson Dilemma is our best attempt to come up with a way for them to engage with these topics in as real-world a way as possible. It’s like a flight simulator, but for ethics.† CREATING THE CRIMSON DILEMMATim Fort. Courtesy photoThe Crimson Dilemma was first used in Kelley ethics classes in 2014, but development of the game has been ongoing since 2012, when the Eveleigh family gifted the school with a donation earmarked for the creation of an ethics simulation. A team of professors teamed up with Simcoach Games, an educational game development company, to design the game and come up with the kind of dilemmas business students are likely to   encounter in their careers.Tim Fort, a Kelley professor of business law and ethics who  holds the  Everleigh chair in business ethics, was on the team that helped design the game. â€Å"We had a group of six or seven faculty members who would meet every week during the summer, and we threw out a set of ideas and dilemmas from our own experiences — just brainstorming. It was a collective effort, and after about a year of that, we brought in an outside consultant who helped us tighten things up,† Fort  says.  Two episodes of the game — Episodes 2 and 3 — are complete and currently used in classrooms.  Haugh says more are coming. â€Å"Episode 2 takes the student through their internship, and Episode 3 is back on campus for their senior year. The idea is to do a prequel episode next, which may be something we offer to the larger community for free,† he says. â€Å"And down the road we would like to make episodes that target specific ind ustries or career tracks.†Ã¢â‚¬ËœWE’RE NOT QUITE AS ETHICAL AS WE THINK WE ARE’Todd Haugh. Courtesy photoThe Crimson Dilemma is not meant to teach right or wrong, Haugh says, or to alter  students’ values. Instead, it’s meant to help students understand how their thought processes work and that sometimes, when people are in difficult positions, they might not realize that they’re making decisions with ethical ramifications. â€Å"All the data, and also much of our anecdotal information, tells us that we often think we’re very ethical,† Haugh says. â€Å"But we’re not quite as ethical as we think we are. That’s pretty much a truism at this point.†Fort says ethics are the principles that govern relationships, which are particularly important for people going into business. He can’t imagine a business being successful without strong relationships. â€Å"Ethics is about interpersonal relations — how you interact with your customers, your shareholders, your employers. And we don’t often spend time thinking about how those relationships are fostered,† Fort says. â€Å"But this game gives students the opportunity to think through our interactions with other humans.† Page 1 of 212 »

What Is Your Peak Learning Time

Do you learn best first thing in the morning, as soon as you jump out of bed? Or is it easier for you to grasp new information in the evening as you unwind after a full day? Maybe 3 in the afternoon is your best time to learn? Dont know? Understanding your learning style and knowing the time of day you learn best can help you be the best student possible. From Peak Learning: How to Create Your Own Lifelong Education Program for Personal Enlightenment and Professional Success by Ron Gross, this learning style inventory will help you determine when you are most mentally alert. Ron writes: It is now firmly established that each of us is mentally alert and motivated at certain times during the day... You obtain three benefits to knowing your own peak and valley times for learning and adjusting your learning efforts accordingly: You will enjoy your learning more when you feel in the mood for it.You will learn faster and more naturally because you will not be fighting resistance, fatigue, and discomfort.You will make better use of your low times by doing things other than trying to learn. Heres the test, presented with permission from Ron Gross: Your Best and Worst of Times The following questions will help you to sharpen your sense of what time of day you learn best. You may already be generally aware of your preferences, but these simple questions will help spur you on to act on them. The questions were developed by Professor Rita Dunn of St. Johns University, Jamaica, New York. Answer true or false to each statement. I dislike getting up in the morning.I dislike going to sleep at night.I wish I could sleep all morning.I stay awake for a long time after I get into bed.I feel wide awake only after 10 in the morning.If I stay up late at night, I get too sleepy to remember anything.I usually feel low after lunch.When I have a task requiring concentration, I like to get up early in the morning to do it.Id rather do those tasks requiring concentration in the afternoon.I usually start the tasks that require the most concentration after dinner.I could stay up all night.I wish I didnt have to go to work before noon.I wish I could stay home during the day and go to work at night.I like going to work in the morning.I can remember things best when I concentrate on them:in the morningat lunchtimein the afternoonbefore dinnerafter dinnerlate at night The test is self-scoring. Simply note if your answers to the questions point to a single time of day: Morning, noon, afternoon, evening, or night. Ron writes, Your answers should provide a map of how you prefer to spend your mental energy over the course of the day. How to Use the Results Ron has two suggestions for how to use your results in a way that gives your mind the opportunity to work at its optimum. Seize your highs. Know when your mind is most likely to click into high gear, and arrange your schedule whenever possible so that you are free to use it undisturbed during that period.Shut down before you run out of gas. Know when your mind is least likely to be ready for action, and plan ahead to do other useful or enjoyable activities at those times, such as socializing, routine work, or relaxing. Suggestions Here are some specific suggestions from Ron for making the most of your peak learning time. Morning people: Starting the day with some fast, pleasant learning will give you a good feeling of having met some of your own needs before you move into your daily work. It will also give you grist for thinking during down times about what you learned that morning.Evening people: Take a close look at your late afternoon and evening hours. How would you feel about targeting a specific piece of reading, thinking, problem-solving, mental rehearsal, creating, or planning (all learning activities) for your commute home from work? If you know beforehand what you want to accomplish, you can have just what you need right at hand on the bus or train (or perhaps an audio program in your car.)Night owls: Make the most of the late hours each day. Think of your learning as the personal reward youve earned by putting in your daily round of work.

Mental Illness And Its Stigma - 1363 Words

Mental Illness and Its Stigma â€Å"One in five adults in America experience mental illness,† (Mental Health, n.d., para 1). Many people define mental illness as a characteristic that makes one irrational or delusional and derives a belief that those who have mental disorders are not suffering from a real disease, resulting in a negative view of those who suffer. There are three ways to defy this stigma that everyone, from media producers to the sufferers themselves, must participate in to break down the shame and dishonor surrounding mental illness. Mental illness is a real disease and causes a stigma that those who suffer are dangerous and are the cause of their disorder What exactly is a mental illness? â€Å"Mental illness refers to a wide†¦show more content†¦In turn it leads to a hindrance in efficient and effective recovery. There are three main contributors to the stigma surrounding mental illness. The portrayal of sufferers through the media, lack of understanding in our society, and the way sufferers view themselves. Media subtly influences are way of thinking, whether we are aware of it or not. This is effects are view on topics such as mental disorders. The recent release of a movie entitled â€Å"Split,† is a representation of how media contributes to the stigma that those who suffer from mental illness are dangerous. The movie follows a man who has dissociative identity disorder, or multiple personality disorder. A mental disorder where a person’s identity is split into distinct separate personalities of two or more, and is usually caused by extreme and severe physical and sexual abuse, (Psychology 2017). In  "Split,† a man named Kevin, who suffers from dissociative identity disorder and has over 20 personalities, kidnaps three teenage girls. In the end, he kills two of the girls as well as his therapist, to rid the world of those who aren’t pure hearted and have yet to experience true suffering, (IMDB n.d.). This movie portrays a truly negative and harmful view of those who suffer from this mental illness. Films such as previously mentioned, inform viewers that those with mental disorders are a threat to society. They are harmful to those who suffer from related diseases as theyShow MoreRelatedThe Stigma Of Mental Illness Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pagesor older, live with mental illness. This number represents 18.1% of all U.S. adults (National Institute of Mental Health, 2014). Stigma toward those who are seen as different have existed for as long as civilization itself, with the stigma for mental illness being one of the most prominent and long lasting that society has h ad to face throughout its ages (Arboleda-Florez Stuart, 2012). Increased understanding and awareness for those individuals suffering from mental illness is necessary for usRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Illness1599 Words   |  7 PagesPeople suffering from mental illness and other problems are often the most discriminated, socially excluded, stigmatized, and vulnerable members of the society. They have to constantly struggle and face a double problem. Firstly, they have to struggle with the symptoms of the mental illness itself. They may face with problems such as illusions, delusions, hallucinations and other symptoms, which depend on a particular mental disorder. These symptoms do not allow the person to live a satisfactoryRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Illness1745 Words   |  7 PagesThe majority of people that have a severe mental illness are object to challenges in double measure. From one point of view, they wrestle with the symptoms and disablement that result from the ill ness. From another point, they are tested by the stereotypes and preconceived ideas that stem from the misunderstandings about mental illness. As a culmination of both, people with a mental illness are stripped of the chances that define a quality life such as a good job, safe housing, adequate health careRead MoreThe Stigma of Mental Illness1656 Words   |  7 Pagesdiagnosis might exacerbate the stigma of mental illness. In Corrigan’s study clinical diagnosis adds groupness for the collection of people with mental illness which worsens the level of prejudice (Corrigan 34). Corrigan states that this ultimately leads to overgeneralization, as there is an assumption that all individuals diagnosed with the same mental disorders behave the same way (Corrigan 34). According to Corrigan the stereotypic description of mental illness perceives to the public that, peopleRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Illness2582 Words   |  11 Pagesplans provided coverage for mental health service s to the same extent as physical health services, if they were covered at all. The reasons for the discrimination in health insurance vary, but mental illnesses historically have not been well understood by the public, and people have had a hard time understanding that mental illnesses are biologically based diseases that affect the mind and body just like any other disease that has solely physical manifestations. A stigma is said to occur when peopleRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Illness984 Words   |  4 PagesSo how do we eliminate the stigma on mental illness that has been shaped and formed fo1r centuries? Now that we know the role mental health plays in our society and how it affects people who suffer from it. We must find a way to reduce the stigma and discrimination associated with this term. I propose the first step to solving this issue is through the media education and information. The media, from new to movies, plays a crucial role in shaping the minds of young people a nd even adults. Media hasRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Illness1042 Words   |  5 PagesBreak the Stigma In today’s society we are becoming more aware of the way our words or judgement can hurt others. However, there’s still a lot of stigma around mental illness. This judgement we have towards people with mental illness is what keeps some of them from seeking the help they need. The stigma isn’t just from those without mental illness though. People with mental illness often have their own stigmas as well. We need to come together and show men and women with mental illness that it isRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Illness1602 Words   |  7 Pagescenturies have seeked to improve care and reduce stigma around those with mental illness. This began in 1942, when Harry Truman signed the National Mental Health Act, which requested the formation of a National Institute of Mental Health. Shortly after this, in 1949, the National Institute of Mental Health was established (â€Å"National Institute of Mental Health†). During the company’s 60 year lifespan they h ave focused on research about mental illness, educating the public, and improving the lives ofRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Illness1212 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiencing symptoms of mental illness. Patients suffering a physiological illness rarely hear these words, but they have begun to sound like a broken record to the mentally ill. Everyone sympathizes with the stomach, the liver, the eye, and many other organs in the body when they begin to malfunction, but no one sympathizes with the brain. It is unimaginable and almost abominable for the brain to get sick. Mental illness is probably the most misconstrued and trivialized illness, and this misconceptionRead MoreThe Stigma Of Mental Illness Essay1243 Words   |  5 PagesMental illness has dated back as far as anyone can remember it was first documented as an illness by 5th century B.C., Hippocrates when, â€Å"He was pioneering and treating mentally ill people with techniques not rooted in religion or superstition; instead, h e focused on changing a mentally ill patient’s environment or occupation, or administering certain substances as medications (Unite for Sight, 2016). This was unheard of since then and now most cultures believe that mental illness is a demonic punishment

Integrated and Situational Crisis Communication †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Integrated and Situational Crisis Communication. Answer: Introduction Communication is the way toward transmitting and getting thoughts, data, and messages. The quick transmission of data over long separations and the prepared access to data has turned out to be obvious and critical components of human culture, particularly in the previous 150 years (Ahmed Mohamed, 2017). The reference book meaning of communication includes trading an assortment of messages with others. Communication in the business world is basic for progress. This is particularly valid for interpersonal communication, communication amongst administration and staff, and for basically every other contact a business has, both inside its own foundation and the outside world. The procedure of communication is extremely intricate and is a central point in the accomplishment of Global Brands Outlet. This paper will concentrate on the distinctive sorts of communication, including verbal and non-verbal, tuning in and reacting, and physical and individual factors that impact effective communi cation. Global Brands Group Holding Limited is a trademarked clothing, footwear as well as fashion decorations corporation. These products are developed, designed, marketed then sold in a wide selection of licensed and owned trademarks in addition to an extensive collection of merchandise classifications on an international level. The group retails brand-named merchandises in Women's, Men's and Kids style, besides accessories and footwear verticals. The merchandise is retailed through many countries as well as by different networks of distribution, such as shopping malls, discount merchants, and autonomous stores (franchise). The interviewee was the manager of Global Brands Outlet in Sydney. Keeping in mind the end goal to have fruitful communication, one must comprehend verbal and non-verbal communication. Interpersonal skills begin with the comprehension of verbal and non-verbal communication. Verbal prompts are subject to dialect use. Now and then the message they convey is fragmented or even altogether unique in relation to the expected importance (Alfonso et al, 2010). I selected the employees based on age group, they were in the range of 25-35 years. Moreover, I persuaded them to participate by offering them anonymity in the questions answered. The interview technique chosen for this research was face-to-face method. The investigation hypothesis appears towards the attitude of the researcher of the subject. In examination rationale, the researcher gives the estimation of the learning related to the subject. There are two sorts of research strategies for knowledge which are extremely important concerning the examination. One of which is positivism and another is interpretive research rationale. In positivism objectivity, the expert focuses crude numbers that stay same wherever all through the world in a comparable situation. There is no degree of advance into the inclination and point of view of people under any conditions (Ansgar Diana, 2011). In the condition of expanding various points of view and evaluations, the researcher can rely on the interpretive research rationale. It is exceedingly gigantic to appreciate that the interpretive research rationale gives a broad assortment of learning and psyche towards the theme as it gives sustenance distinctive conditions and possible results open inside nature. Here the examination thinking that is extremely vital with a point of view of driving the ebb and streams consider is the mix investigate the hypothesis (Elaine Dawn, 2011). The reason is that exclusive organizations work in an extraordinarily special condition and there is a goliath essential to focus on looking over a predominant motivating force course of action that is truly in perspective of various conditions. The point of view of various people could be reviewed to contribute towards impacting the best motivation to plan. In like manner, the interpretive research has been associated with the examination. The central run significantly idolized by positivism is the objectivity and exhaustiveness of sensible conclusion, stressing on the point that learning must be founded on correct substances of recognition and investigation to reveal certified conclusions from observational data and test outcomes. This investigation gets the possibility of observational research to consider raised issues. The table below are some straightforward figures of the main dynamics of interpersonal communication in Global Brands Outlet. Mean Standard Deviation N (Sample size) General Position 6.53 0.74 300 Job Contentment 6.41 1.28 300 Job Responsibilities 4.05 1.43 300 Job Challenges 5.81 1.65 300 Interactive Relations 4.02 0.83 300 Fruitful interpersonal communication is an aftereffect of a critical factor i.e. logic. Once in a while, people think that it's hard to comprehend what the other individual is conveying. This appears glaringly evident however it is very astounding that there are many individuals who feel that utilizing over the top dialect would influence them to seem more smart and imperative. It is an essential component to ensure that the other individual in discussion either face to face or by telephone comprehends the discourse obviously. On the off chance that the individual does not comprehend, the discussion is squandered because of the representative may feel disrupted and ill-equipped. This point is considerably more critical with regards to composed communication as it has been seen that numerous great specialists are extremely poor scholars. Thus, in verbal communication, individuals believe that by utilizing a variety of words influence them to seem smarter, however, in reality, such a c ircumstance prompts an inverse impact. Individuals with poor written work skills introduce a negative impression which thus can be profoundly impeding in the present work environment (Evans, 2011). Another vital segment for fruitful interpersonal working environment communication is to be immediate. This additionally applies to the two parts of communication - composed and verbal. It is critical to be immediate and safe when conversing with a collaborator. This is significantly more critical in composing. It is fundamental that the reason for the communication ought to be tended to as right on time in the principal passage as could reasonably be expected. This is more vital if there should arise an occurrence of email since many individuals make utilization of review sheet to gauge the idea of an email, and might be excessively caught up with, making it impossible to peruse those and overlook whether they are imperative or correlated. The subject ought to be plainly expressed in an initial couple of lines with the goal that the email will probably be perused, and all the more imperatively, considered important. Though in composed communication it is essential to be as succinct as could reasonably be expected. Today, individuals in business are excessively caught up with, making it impossible to experience the sections and to get to the essential focuses in an email. Communication does not just mean the capacity to talk and compose adequately, rather it additionally depends intensely on tuning in and arrangement. Via preparing the representatives it enhances their tuning in and critical thinking skills and builds up the way to impact results. Conclusion Taking everything into account, it may perhaps be noted that communication is the main thrust of a decent and positive workplace in Global Brands Outlet. Inside the work environment, communication is significant to each individual in order to act in a productive way. It is difficult to expect viability in work without communication. Right communication and the skills make the expert life less demanding to direct as well as the private life also. Communication is a key to take care of the issues in the work environment and with legitimate comprehension, it prompts great open doors at work that inspires the representatives to be fruitful in their work. This extremely well demonstrates that even a little communication can be demonstrated imperative to somebody yet this can likewise have a negative picture wherein the worker can ruin and crush his or her notoriety at work that prompts genuine outcomes. Communication has positive and in addition negative viewpoints. Negative communication or miscommunication is seen by one's own judgment. A lack of foresight could be negative to one's life. To stay away from or keep the negative results of poor communication, an employee ought to comprehend the hugeness of communication skills and related angles in busy workplace such as Global Brands Outlet. References Ahmed A. Oussii Mohamed F. Klibi, 2017. Accounting students perceptions of important business communication skills for career success: An exploratory study in the Tunisian context. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 15(2), pp. 208-225. Alfonso Siano, Philip J. Kitchen, Maria G. Confetto, 2010. Financial resources and corporate reputation: Toward common management principles for managing corporate reputation. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 15(1), pp. 68-82. Ansgar J. Thiessen Diana J. Ingenhoff, 2011. Safeguarding reputation through strategic, integrated and situational crisis communication management: Development of the integrative model of crisis communication. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 16(1), pp. 8-26. Elaine E. Dawn C., 2011. Evidence of improvement in accounting students' communication skills. International Journal of Educational Management, 25(4), pp. 311-327. Evans, D. J., 2011. Promoting knowledge and understanding in society: Training our students for effective communication. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, 3(1), pp. 35-46. Eyun?Jung Ki, Linda C. Hon, 2012. Causal linkages among relationship quality perception, attitude, and behavior intention in a membership organization. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 17(2). Jackson, C., 2011. Communication skills and accounting: do perceptions match reality?. Strategic Direction, 27(2). Pia U., Eva B. Joakim W., 2013. The role of entrepreneurship education and start?up experience for handling communication and liability of newness. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research, 19(2), pp. 187-209. Ping L., Sudha K. Debra G., 2013. The Effect of Experience on Perceived Communication Skills: Comparisons between Accounting Professionals and Students. In: D. F. . T. J. Rupert, ed. Advances in Accounting Education. s.l.:Emerald Group Publishing Limited, pp. 131-152. Platen, S. V., 2015. The communication consultant: an important translator for communication management. Journal of Communication Management, 19(2), pp. 150-166.

Marketing mix Essay Example

Marketing mix Essay In this assignment I will go through how marketing mix is applied to service or a product for two organisations called KFC and Mc Donalds. I will choose a product from each of these businesses and the talk about the product, price, promotion and place. Marketing mix Marketing mix consists of 4ps. These are product, price place and promotion all offered by an organisation to potential customers. The marketing mix is a set of tools that work to achieve companys objectives. Price The price is the amount a customer pays for the product. The price is determined by a numbers of aspects, which are material costs, market share, product identity and the customers thought of the product price. Price is determined by what customers notice about the price of the product. Researching about pricing is important because it indicates what customers are looking for as well as what they want to pay. For example Gillette the manufacturer of razors, deodorant and shaving foams seeks to provide the worlds market with products that have affordable prices and targets a particular market segments. Such as young adults who wish to buy low priced razors and deodorant. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing mix specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing mix specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing mix specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Product products must meet customer requirements whatever these might be. For many products is simple the physical item that customers of businesses might be buying or selling. For example a customer buys a new BMW 6 series, thats the product. Place Place is also known as distribution. It is the system through which products or services are moved from the manufacturer or service provider to the consumer. Different organisations use different approaches to reaching their consumers. For example, McDonalds uses a franchising system which allows the company to operate in many different geographical locations. Promotion Promotions persuades customers to buy their products or offers though communication Promotions has 4 key elements, these are advertising, public relations, word of mouth and point of sale. AN example can be that KFC advertising its new product, the zinger burger on posters with eye catching words will attract young customers. History of McDonalds Siblings Dick and Mac McDonalds opened their first restaurant in San Bernardino, California. The principle of modern fast food restaurant called speedee service system was introduced by them. The original mascot of McDonalds was a man with a chefs hat on top of a hamburger shaped head whose name was speedee. In 1963 speedee was replaced by Ronald McDonald. McDonalds serves nearly 48 million customers every day prompting it to become the worlds largest fast food restaurant. Desserts, hamburgers, fries, soft drinks, milkshakes and breakfast food are the primary products that are sold in McDonalds. McDonalds has recently included salad and fruits to its menu as well as a playground for children. Some McDonalds even have a fire place and lounge areas removing plastic chairs and tables. McDonalds is a franchise so each McDonalds is run by a franchisee. The companys revenue comes from the rent, loyalties and fees paid by the franchisees, as well as sales in company operated restaurants. Types of product at McDonalds McDonalds sells primarily beef related fast food products such as cheese burgers, ham burgers, quarter pounder and their signature product the Big Mac. But now due to customer trends changing they have now included salads in their menu as well as different types of food such as oriental snack wraps and egg sausage burgers. McDonalds also sells ice cream which is often called McFlurry. All of McDonalds food is relatively cheap and is aimed at different types of people, young and old. Product McDonalds sells several many fast food products, the products I have chosen is cheese burger. The retail price of the product is 99p. The packaging is foam, plastic shaped as a box which can be opened, but now McDonalds have changed the packaging into yellow paper for some stores. This is because the packaging was causing pollution and wasting a lot of resources. McDonalds continues to design more efficient packaging and by promoting the use of recycle content material. The beef of the burger is not made on site but is delivered to the restaurant. The burger contains 100% pure beef with a single pickle, rehydrated onions, on a toasted bun. McDonalds beef is bought from farms accredited by nationally recognised farm assurance schemes. McDonalds can trace which farms the beef came from, and know the farmers name and how the animals were raised. At the supplier the meat is checked for a date and batch number. The quality of the meat is checked by the staff to ensure that it is at top quality. If the quality is bad then they wont use it. The cheese burger is aimed mostly at young adults and teenagers. McDonalds has a drive through service. People often with cars in the drive through service will receive their meals quickly than those waiting at the queue in the restaurant. Price The retail price of a cheese burger is 99p. The price has been set to make customers believe they are actually saving money but they are only saving 1pence. Psychological pricing is used to play on customers views. This is very effective as the consumer is tricked into thinking that the burger is cheaper than 1 pound. Then comes the cost- plus pricing, this is when you calculate the average cost plus a mark up to see if they made any money on top. The price of the product does change. Cheese burger price may increase if the costs of dairy products and beef rise. So some stores will need to raise the price of the cheese burger and other products to counter financial loss. Other businesses competing with McDonalds will have a difficult time competing with McDonalds, especially private businesses. A cheese burger in high street fast food restaurant like PFC (perfect fried chicken) will sell cheese burger at à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.10 or more. Customers will go to McDonalds rather than these shops because they will be saving money in McDonalds. Place McDonalds are located primarily in public places where there are a lot of busy roads and people shopping for example Oxford Street. Oxford Street is a location in west London where many people go and spend hours buying clothes and food. This kind of location will increase the demand of their products and services because many customers will be coming in the restaurant to place an order. A busy place will always increase sales. McDonalds is also located in most shopping centres in the UK. McDonalds have relatively few sites on the motorway due to less demand of customers. These McDonald restaurants will often have a drive though service so customers can buy their products quickly. Promotion Some McDonalds restaurants do 3 cheeseburger for the price of 2. So customers will pay less. McDonalds also promote their business and products such as their cheeseburger offers through billboards, TV and internet. By doing this, McDonalds will attract as much customers as they can. McDonalds also accepts vouchers, such as buy one cheeseburger and get one free. Almost all restaurants accept these vouchers but when the vouchers expire it cannot be used anymore. History of KFC Colonel Harland Sander bought a motel and cafe in Corbin, Kentucky in the 1930s. Colonel sanders had done several jobs such as railroading and operating a steam powered ferryboat but he always loved cooking. There was nothing special about fried chicken, Colonel found a way to combine 11 herbs and spices with flour to create a finger licking good coating. The dining area in Corbin was named Sanders and cafe and was so successful that Ruby Laffon governor of Kentucky gave the title of honorary Kentucky colonel to sanders in recognition of his contribution to the states cuisine. At a time when most businesses were getting bankrupt and struggling Colonels business and reputation increased. But he was forced to sell his restaurant when a new interstate Highway was built through his property. Colonel Sanders at the age of 66 travelled the US with his new plan of created a franchise. Small and independent restaurants were taught by Colonel to cook Kentucky Fried Chicken and his values. He took 5 cent royalty on every chicken sold With most of his deals sealed with only a handshake, there were 838 Kentucky Fried Chicken franchises across the United States by 1964. The Colonel was now in his 70s and Kentucky Fried Chicken had grown larger than he could realistically handle, so he sold the operation to businessmen John Y Brown Jnr and Jack Massey for $2 million. But there were strict conditions: Colonel Sanders became Quality Controller and his image stayed on as the company trademark. Colonel Harland D Sanders was 90 years old when he died in December 1980. His philosophies and values of hard work and excellent customer service are, and will always be a part of KFC. KFC is currently owned by YUM brands which are the worlds largest fast food restaurant company in terms of system units, over 36,000 restaurants around the world in more than 110 countries and territories. Types of products at KFC KFC sells mostly chicken products these are chicken fillet burger, chicken zinger burger, chicken tower burger, zinger tower burger, and mini fillet burger, kids burger, toasted chicken twister wrap, chicken wings, chicken nuggets, popcorn chicken and also sells salads for healthy options. KFC desserts are Avalanche, yoghurt and Rolo ice cream tub. Product The product I have chosen is chicken fillet burger. The retail price of the product is 1.99p. KFC uses paper packaging which helps the chicken crispy by wicking away excess moisture. The paper package is red with KFC logo in the middle. The chicken of the burger is not made on site but is delivered to the restaurant. 100% chicken breast fillet coated in KFCs secret blend of 11 herbs and spices. KFC checks its suppliers to see if they are using any extra ingredients like antibiotic growth promoters to the chickens. Rearing conditions are also strictly regulated to ensure animal welfare. Welfare and bio security audits are carried out by independent experts. KFC chooses he best quality chicken from its suppliers. Price The retail price of a chicken fillet burger is 1.99p. The price has been set to make customers believe they are actually saving money but they are only saving 1pence. Psychological pricing is used to play on customers views. This is very effective as the consumer is tricked into thinking that the burger is cheaper than 1 pound. Then comes the cost- plus pricing, this is when you calculate the average cost plus a mark up to see if they made any money on top. Place KFC are located mostly in public places where there are a lot o busy roads and people shopping for example Oxford Street or Bethnal green. Street is a location in west London where many people go and spend hours buying clothes and food. This kind of location will increase the demand of their products and services because many customers will be coming in the restaurant to place an order. A busy place will always increase sales. KFC have quite a lot of sites on the motorway due to KFC being popular with drivers. These KFC restaurants will often have a drive though service so customers can buy their products quickly. Promotion KFC has free chicken wings promotion for its UK stores. KFC also promotes there business and products such as their chicken zinger burger one the signature dish of the company in bill boards, TV and internet. By doing this KF will attract many customers as they can. KFC also accepts vouchers, such as free Ice cream. marketing mix Essay Example marketing mix Paper Topic: Marketing-(Nike, Inc. ) Introduction Nike was the Goddess of victory in Greek mythology. In 1978 an athlete runner Philip Knight and his coach, Bill Bowerman renamed their small sportswear company as Nike. Since then, the business has increased dramatically. At present Nike, Inc. has already become a major public traded sportswear and equipment supplier in the United States. It is the worlds leading supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sport equipment with revenue in excess of IJS$ 24,13 billion in last year 2012. (Nike,lnc. reports fiscal 2013) . Nike as a most successful company in the world. It must have a well marketing management that can perfectly identify and anticipates customer requirement and satisfy them. There are many marketing elements that must have led Nike to become such a powerful brand. This study will analyse the Nikes marketing mix and its market orientation, in addition a conclusion for marketing of Nike. Marketing mix According to the concept of marketing mix (Neil Borden 1953), marketing mix was defined as an instrument to analyse product, price, place and promotion in order to establish relationships with customers. Product is seen as an item that can satisfy what a consumer demand that includes tangible goods and intangible service. Promotion means all of the methods of communication that marketers use to deliver information to different communities about the product. Place represents the location where the tangible and/or intangible products are provided for customers. Price is a sum of money that a customer pays for the product. Product: In order to satlsTy tne consumers aemana, NIKe Tlrst provides a w10e range of products that involves all aspects of different sport areas for their customer. We will write a custom essay sample on marketing mix specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on marketing mix specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on marketing mix specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This eans all the customers could be satisfied by Nikes products, no matter what the needs of the people. Nike has all the equipment for them. Secondly, According to the companys mission statement: to bring inspiration an innovation to every athlete in the world, Nike also makes high quality and environmental goods with most new technology, a good example is the basketball shoe, it utilises the Nike Flywire, Nike Zoom, Nike Air technique that loosens or tightens with the natural notion of the foot and provides support, protection and stability. These techniques can ensure the player has greatest performance in the game. Moreover Nike deem fashion is really crucial factor for any products, therefore Nike hire famous designers to design its product and also providing variety of colors and styles for its customers, that makes more and more people are attracted by Nikes product and using them every day, even though they were first designed for athletes. Hence, Nike has perfectly satisfied their customers by supplying a variable, high quality, technological, and fashionable product. Price: Nike uses premium-pricing strategy. The premium pricing strategy is the application of a fixed price based on the quality of the product. This has made Nike o set relatively higher price than its competitors. This strategy focuses on the consumers who think high quality is more important than the cheap price, and also those who like Nike Company more. This means Nike has to spend more money to build a good company reputation and image such as TV advertisement, celebrity endorsement, sponsoring charitable activities. These can be another reasons for the high price products. In fact this strategy seems to be working very well, as most people who choose to purchase Nike commodities accesses that they are ready for their prices since they feel that Nike is reasonable. Hampy, 2006). Place: Nike sells its products directly and also uses distributors and e-commercial. When selling its products directly, the company has created the idea of Nike towns in different parts of the USA, in order to contact with clients directly and can therefore analyse consumer behaviours. This also can help to measure the level of demand for a particular product. These data play a significant role in their marketing strategy. Furthermore, a right method of distribution might help the company save many valuable resources, but there are also many drawbacks, for instance, if Nike hires a elivering company to take commodities to customer. The customer may expect that delivery companies can do it as fast as possible, this may cost Nike a great sum of money to acquire such a good delivery. Moreover, in case the deliveries are damaged or delayed accidently, the clients will tend to blame Nike for the damage or delay, instead of the delivery company. This will harm the reputation of Nike. Lastly, Nike has been using a successful e-commercial over last two decades. The first e- commercial site was launched in April 1999 by providing over 65 styles of sport roducts to the US market for purchasing (Nike, 2013). This helps the promotion of NIKes products all over tne glooe. Promotion: Nike used to sponsor numerous sport celebrities to publicise their product. Such as Kobe Bryant in basketball, Tiger woods in golf, Federer in tennis. This is a really effective approach to improve awareness, and image of the brand. For example, if a celebrity athlete sponsors a specific brand of athletic shoes, the brand will be associated with success. Besides that, there are also many popular Nike advertisement that spread all over the word, however advertisements do have some isadvantages; they do not target specific customers, and information are received by those who happen to be at a certain location, who are likely not to purchase the product, and this may waste the companys resources. However, this may be not happened with Nikes products, as their commodities fit any category of people, as the company mission statement: to bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world, If you have a body you are an athlete. (Bill Bowerman, Nike Co-founder). Additionally, in recent years, because social media is cheap, easy and influential, it provides a crucial promotion platform for Nike. Nike uses Facebook and Twitter to deliver the promotion information to their client, and receives feedback form their customers. This two-way communication can makes Nike select more important and accurate data from customers. All these promotion activities certainly make Nike become the most recognisable brand in the world. Market orientations This theory is to consider the demand and interest of customers, organizations and societies in order to find out which market orientation best suites the company. There are five parts of orientations. 1 . Production-This concept believes that customers prefer products that are both idely available and inexpensive. The marketer should concentrate on reaching high production efficiency, low costs and mass distribution. This concept normally makes sense in developing countries, where consumers only want get the cheap products. 2. Products-This orientation focus on supplying products that provides the best quality, performance and innovative features. However it might sometimes not really fulfill the customer demand. . Selling-This concept means the company is more interested in selling and promoting, they keep promoting their products to stimulate more buying. 4. Marketing-This orientation concentrate on the companys customer needs and what they want in order to makes the company better than its competitors. 5. Social Responsible Marketing-This orientation holds that in order to reach organlsatlons goal, tne organlsatlon not only prov10es a nlgn quallty products, It also should reinforce social and ethical values fore the benefit of citizens. I think there is no doubt that Nike as an organization is market- orientated. According to Phil Knight, COE Nike (2009) answered in an interview that for years we considered ourselves as a product-orientated company however, we now understand the most mportant thing is the consumers as they lead the innovation. They believe that the consumers needs and wants is their most important marketing tool. This can be certainly proved by it offer variety products which cover nearly all areas in order to fulfill different needs of people. A good example is the Nike+ iPod. Nike realised there are some customers used to track their runners space on their iPod, therefore Nike generates some products that have been installed with a radio device that can connect to their iPod and measuring their running distance automatically, however the price does not change that much. Besides that, all Nikes products were designed to be fashionable, this can satisfy those who are not an athlete, but only want a beautiful shoe, then the idea of create you own shoe come out. The customer can design their own shoes on Nike website, the customer can choose and colors and styles they like, and Nike makes it for them. Therefore, no matter who you are, what you want, there always is a Nike product suit you, as you are the most importance for Nike (Phil Knight 2009). This orientation certainly helps Nike earn more marketing, because in the present society, customers have variety of choices. Whether can satisfy the demand of consumers is the most crucial factor to influence the consumer decision-making process. Alet C Erasmus, Elizabeth Boshoff and GG Rousseau2001) Conclusion From the about study, we had understanding the Nike is market orientation company, it deem consumers needs and wants are most crucial elements for its marketing strategy. Besides that, we also analyzed Nikes product, price, promotion, and place base on marketing mix theory. Then we sought out that Nike generates a verity of high quality, fashionable and functional products. And it has buil t a most ecognizable band and a high company reputation and image through by social media, advertisements and celebrity endorsement. These factors lead to Nike became such a successful company. In the future, Nike will continue the principle in order to satisfy more and more customer. world count: 1 Reference: 1. Hampy, J. (2006): Reengineering the Nike Corporation: A Manifesto for Business marketing in Nike, Harper 2. Kohli, A. K. Jaworski, B. J. (1990). Market Orientation: The Construct, Research Propositions, and Managerial Implications. The Journal of Marketing, 54(2),1-18. 3. Ruekert, Robert W. 1992). Developing a Market Orientation: An Organizational Strategy Perspective. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 9(3),225-45. 4. Nike,inc. reports fiscal (2013) fourth quarter and full year results. Available at http://nikeinc. com/news/nike-inc-reports-fiscal-2012-fourth- quarter-and-full-year-results. [accessed 11/08/2013] 5. Nike elevates global e commerce strategy (2013). Available at http://nikeinc. com/news/nike-inc-elevates- global-e-commerce-strategy [accessed 11/08/2013] 6. Ruekert, Robert W. (1992). Developing a Market Orientation: An Organizational Strategy Perspective. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 9(3),225-45. . Phil Knight, CEO Nike on product marketing (2009) available at http://www. marketinginprogress. com/ 2009/04/16/phil-knight-nike-ceo-on-product-marketing/[accessed 1 1108/2013] 8. Borden, Neil H. (1964), The Concept of the Marketing Mix, Journal of Advertising Research, 4 (2), 2-7. 9. Naylor, J. (2004), Management marketing in Management 2ed. prennce Hall, PP 520-554. 10. Erasmus, C, A, Boshoff, E and Roussea u GG (2001), Consumer decision-making models within the discipline of consumer science: a critical approach Journal of Family Ecology and Consumer Sciences, Vol 29.

Free Essays on STONEHENGE

Stonehenge is hailed as one of the seven wonders of the world. But why is it called a â€Å"wonder† ? With science so advanced as to being able to clone mammals, one would thing their would be rarely any discoveries left to be made. However Stonehenge is shrouded in nothing more than merely theories and guesses based on little or no fact. Being that we do know very little, You have yo ask yourself a few questions. What was the purpose of Stonehenge being built, and that being said how was it constructed. There are thousands of ideas and speculations. The more likely correct and accepted theories may just surprise you. As you know, there has not been even one major structure built in the future nor the past that was ever completed by one man alone. Like Stonehenge they were major undertakings involving many people with many skills. Those who made Stonehenge succeeded in creating an incredibly complex and mysterious structure that lived on long after its creators had passed on. The many aspects of Stonehenge and the processes by which it was built delve into the levels of intelligence and sophistication of the civilizations used to designed and build massive the monument, despite the fact that it is difficult to find out who exactly these people were. They have left very little evidence behind with which we could get a better idea of their everyday lives, their culture, their surroundings, and their affairs with other peoples. The technology and wisdom that are inevitably required in constructing such a monument show that these prehistoric peoples had had more expertise than expected. The planning and assembling of Stonehenge took a very long time ( 1000 years, from 2900 B.C. to 1600 B.C.), and not one but many different groups of people were involved in the process. How they came about plays an important role in understanding them. Some of the first... Free Essays on STONEHENGE Free Essays on STONEHENGE Stonehenge Stonehenge, prehistoric ritual monument, situated on Salisbury Plain in south-western England and dating from the Neolithic (late Stone Age) and Bronze Age. It is the most celebrated of the megalithic monuments in England, and the most important prehistoric structure in Europe. Although its precise purpose is unknown, it is likely to have been a tribal gathering place or religious centre connected with astronomical observations. CONFIGURATION Stonehenge consists of four concentric ranges of stones. In the outermost range, large rectangular sandstone blocks (sarsen stones), 4 m (13 ft) high above the ground, form a circle 33 m (108 ft) in diameter; they were originally capped with lintel stones (only a few of which remain in place today) that also formed a continuous circle. Within this outer range is a circle of smaller bluestones (consisting mainly of dolerite, a coarse basaltic rock having a bluish colour). They enclose a horseshoe-shaped arrangement of bluestones capped with lintels. These trilithons (an assemblage of two uprights capped by a lintel) are 6.5 m (21 ft) high. Within the trilithons stands a slab of micaceous sandstone known as the Altar Stone. The entire assemblage is surrounded by a circular ditch 104 m (340 ft) in diameter. On its inner side the ditch rises into a bank within which is a ring of 56 pits known as Aubrey holes (after their discoverer, the antiquarian John Aubrey) and used at a later stage as cremation burial pits. On the north-eastern side, the bank and ditch are intersected by the Avenue, a processional causeway 23 m (75 ft) wide and nearly 3 km (2 mi) long, bordered by a ditch. Near the entrance to the Avenue is the Slaughter Stone, a sarsen stone that may originally have stood upright. Almost opposite, and set within the Avenue, is the Heel Stone, which may have played a part in sightings of the sunrise at the summer solstice. ... Free Essays on Stonehenge Stonehenge is hailed as one of the seven wonders of the world. But why is it called a â€Å"wonder† ? With science so advanced as to being able to clone mammals, one would thing their would be rarely any discoveries left to be made. However Stonehenge is shrouded in nothing more than merely theories and guesses based on little or no fact. Being that we do know very little, You have yo ask yourself a few questions. What was the purpose of Stonehenge being built, and that being said how was it constructed. There are thousands of ideas and speculations. The more likely correct and accepted theories may just surprise you. As you know, there has not been even one major structure built in the future nor the past that was ever completed by one man alone. Like Stonehenge they were major undertakings involving many people with many skills. Those who made Stonehenge succeeded in creating an incredibly complex and mysterious structure that lived on long after its creators had passed on. The many aspects of Stonehenge and the processes by which it was built delve into the levels of intelligence and sophistication of the civilizations used to designed and build massive the monument, despite the fact that it is difficult to find out who exactly these people were. They have left very little evidence behind with which we could get a better idea of their everyday lives, their culture, their surroundings, and their affairs with other peoples. The technology and wisdom that are inevitably required in constructing such a monument show that these prehistoric peoples had had more expertise than expected. The planning and assembling of Stonehenge took a very long time ( 1000 years, from 2900 B.C. to 1600 B.C.), and not one but many different groups of people were involved in the process. How they came about plays an important role in understanding them. Some of the first...

Leadership Style for R&D Head of Apple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Leadership Style for R&D Head of Apple - Essay Example Apple is a well known name in computers, cell phone and other electronic devices. The company is best known for ties innovation in electronic devices. Their cell phone I phone 4 was named as the smartest cell phone in the world[1]. The name of Apple is associated with products that are innovative and provide a wide range of services at affordable prices. This is one reason why sales of Apple occur on a global level. The company faced some problems when it launched its I Phone 4 version. People were having problems with the antenna[2]. Now the company is preparing to launch another advance model of I Phone and it wants to make sure that problems of last year are not repeated. This is a big issue company is facing today and a Research and Development has a lot to do with it. They have to ensure through testing and retesting that all of the parts are working properly before the launch so that the company should not face embarrassment. The crisis of leadership is also a problem in Apple because its CEO Steve Jobs is a charismatic leader towards whom everyone looks up to. Now he cannot solve all the problems that employees experience and therefore many problems occur. The figure of Steve Jobs has done wonders for the company but it is important that leadership is strong at all levels.Only then an organization can function in a better way. This is lacking in the organization and this ought to change. Â  

Conflict between Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the Northern Ireland Essay

Conflict between Irish Republican Army (IRA) and the Northern Ireland - Essay Example The paper has stated that the primary aim of the battle was due to rising discrimination of the small minority Catholic group who claimed that their political freedom was thwarted. Also, they were hindered from active political participation in the nation’s political agenda. The paper also indicates that the other motive of the conflict was due to the diversity in ideologies between the Protestants and the Catholics. One group backed the support of the British rule in the country while the other wanted total freedom and full control of the country. This, as the paper suggest led to inequality in resource allocation for the individuals in the southern part who were economically disadvantaged, and most of the residents were in acute poverty besides being politically sidelined. This paper also further discusses the troubles that existed as a result of the conflict and it tends to respond to the notion that the development of large protest groups acts as a prerequisite to the deve lopment of political violence in a country. This essay makes a conclusion that the conflict that existed between IRA and the Northern Ireland resulted in several innocent killings and damages of property. The primary motives of the attacks were politically instigated because there was significant discrimination of the Catholics who were opposing their colonial oppression. The rise in the political tension in the country was stimulated highly by the small political and union groups that merged to trigger the individuals into fighting.

The Debate Concerning The Age Of Sexual Consent Essay Example for Free

The Debate Concerning The Age Of Sexual Consent Essay This essay will illustrate the current laws regarding the age of sexual consent and will highlight the future plans, which the government are hoping to enforce and argument for and against these suggested laws. The current laws, which are enforced regarding the age of consent, are that boys have no age of consent and can therefore have sex at any age when they feel ready. But only if the girl is over 16 or else they will be breaking the law as girls and gay couples cannot have sex until they are 16 years old. Although many people feel that these laws are fine as they are and there is no need for change, the government believe that there are far to many people breaking these laws and that there is to many men/boys having sex with under 16 girls. The hopes to change this by tightening the current laws and introducing a male sexual age of consent of 16 and to include an extension of the laws to include more sex acts in public which is most likely to include including kissing. If these laws were to be broken the government are planning to put the offender on to the sex offenders list, which include rapists and pedos. The offender could also face which I think is a very harsh five-year prison sentence and all for what could have been an innocent kiss with your partner. A recent national survey Shows the while the current laws arent perfect they arent doing a bad job as it showed us that 33% of boys have had sex under the age of 16 and that only 25% of girl have, and this shows that the current laws are keeping at least two-thirds of boys from having illegal sex and three-quarters of girls and means that a larger percentage of teenagers are obeying the current laws and waiting until they have sex. Another survey was carried out by Bliss Magazine on its readers and showed that 32% of 12 to 17 year olds have had sex and that 83% of those reader were under 16 years old when they had sex, and that a what I though was an astonishing 12% of those readers were under 12 years old when the had sex. This survey completed by Bliss Magazine also tell us that 50% of it readers think that the current sexual consent laws are correct, but this is most properly sex mad teenagers who want the consent aged to be lowered not for the laws to be tightened. Although these figures do shows a slightly worrying percentage of under 16s having sex, and of course we would all like this figure to be lower; this amount of under 16s having sex isnt wholly due to kids and their choice to have sex as it is also undoubtedly fuelled by television and magazines. It has become more and more obvious that teenagers and now even younger kids are becoming sexualised and introduced to sexual idea a lot younger these days. This is best shown when we look in magazines, watch television and new fashions and we see idols such as Britney Spears and Christina Aguilera half naked or often dressed in way which gives their teenage fans the wrong impression of dress and act. A current argument which is a main point of the governments reasons for wanting to tighten the sexual consent laws is that they believe children need more protect than they are presently getting. This sudden desire to increase the protection of children is partly due to the increasing amount of pedos and rapist around but I think mainly because of the increase in popularity of the Internet and especially due to the increase in the amount of people using chat rooms. These concerns about using chat rooms is because of what some people call grooming often pedos pretend they are kids and gain trust of children and often arrange to meet up with them. Another argument is the amount of people who are having sex before they are 16, and also because a survey reveal that over 50% of girl regret having sex before they were legally allowed. The UKs current laws sit some roughly in the middle compared to other places, such as places like LA where the consent age is higher and places like Spain where the age is lower. At the moment LAs sexual consent age is 18 but people are still having sex a 17, and in Mali the sexual consent age is 16 and as in LA people are having sex when they are 17, Spains laws states that you have to be 13 to have sex and the average age for a person in Spain to have sex is strangely 19 years old for girls and 18 for boys. And finally in Chile the sexual consent age is 12 and the average person is having sex at around 14 or 15years old. The figures show that countries with a lower sexual consent age actually have a higher difference in the age you can have sex legally and the age people actually do. Arguments against the tightening of the sexual consent laws include the argument that the current laws doesnt stop people from having sex under the age of 16 so tightening the laws will most likely force little or no change and people will still break the law. As well as this point there is an argument that the current laws are thought to be fine as they stand, and that current laws offer a suffiencent amount of protection to children. Even now family planning centres, sex education teacher (school nurses) and any other authorities to do with sexual aspects in life tell us that alt of kids already find it hard to speak to parents or anyone about sex, and we are constantly hearing about pregnant teenagers leaving it to late before they told someone and ending up with no choice but to have a baby. This point, which is already at a bad enough state, is thought to become worse if the suggested laws pass and many fear that kids will become more detached and feel even less able to seek help of advise. This final point against the change is that the suggested laws are a muddle and all the law will do is criminalize younger people for doing something as unsubstantial as kissing. My view on this argument is that although teenagers I thin do need more protection from people like rapists and pedos the suggested rules are not the answer and are just punishing kids for what adults do. I believe the current laws provide a good template of which to follow by and the sexual consent age of 16 is accurate, as at this age the decision to have sex or not is up to you and you have reached an age and maturity where you can make the choice. I think that the suggested laws obviously have higher risks is broken and may have a little impact but there will still be teenagers who want to have sex and kiss etc and will, and all introducing these laws will do is criminalize young peoples for something a sinister as kissing. Away in which I think the current situation could be improved with out changing the laws is to improve sex education; by educating children at an earlier age, and making sex education lessons more frequent and more relevant to the students.

Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward Essay -- Looking Backward

Edward Bellamy’s Looking Backward    People have always wondered what the future will be like. Certainly Edward Bellamy did when he wrote the novel, Looking Backward (1888). Bellamy uses a man named Mr. West as the main character in this novel. He opens by telling who he is and what his social standing is. West is a young man, around the age of 30, and is fairly wealthy. At the beginning, he tells us about his fiancà ©, Edith, and the house he is having trouble building for her. The trouble comes from the fact that the workers keep going on strike due to financial reasons, which prolongs the completion of the house. The biggest hint to the end of the novel comes from when he tells the reader that he suffers from insomnia. West must be put to sleep through a trance in his bedroom, which is an entirely padded room in the basement of his home. When people sleep they often dream, which leads one to believe they can predict the ending of the novel. The prediction to the ending of the novel is that the story, he is telling, is a dream. On page 11 he says, "I called in Dr. Pillsbury. H...

Death Penalty Paper Essay

The death penalty is something that many people do not have a clear decision on. Many people support the death penalty, while others wish for the death penalty to be abolished, yet there are some that support the death penalty, but only in certain cases. My personal opinion is that a person commits murder and is sentenced to death there should be no waiting. I believe 24 hours from the time the person is sentenced to death, the state should follow through with their punishment and execute. There are people in the world that support the death penalty and often say that the death penalty is a deterrent for future criminals who are thinking and plotting out their heinous crimes or murder as we sit in our living rooms right now. Capital Punishment does not act as a deterrent force. Crime rates do not decrease in states where capital punishment is used. This statement can be neither proven nor disproven. How do you measure the amount of people who have been deterred from crime? Do you take a poll? Is there a survey conducted where people voluntarily admit they would have murdered had they known they would not be executed if they were caught? No. You can’t prove that it deters crime. So, even if it does, there is not enough evidence to support this theory. Do you agree with this statement? For me, when I think of a criminal they are not thinking of consequences of their actions, they are not thinking of whom they are going to hurt, they are only thinking of getting what they want. They think in the â€Å"Now†, they simply just do not care. If they had any sort of emotion or remorse before the crime is committed then our prisons wouldn’t be so over populated as they are today. Amnesty International, which opposes the death penalty, reports that scientific studies have not produced any conclusive evidence showing that capital punishment, is a deterrent for future crimes to be committed. I believe the only deterrent for a murderer not to commit a horrific crime again would be execution. Executing a dangerous criminal ensures that he will not kill again. There have been several notable cases where men were paroled, or escaped from prison after being convicted of murder and killed again. The death penalty protects our community by eradicating a harmful criminal from society. A few good examples are Randy Greenwalt, Arthur Shawcrossm, Kenneth McDuff, and  Daniel Camargo Barbosa. Various people who are opposed to the death penalty say that Capital Punishment condemns the innocent to die. According Amendment V in the United States Bill of Rights, â€Å"No person shall be held to answer for a capital crime, or otherwise infamous crime unless on a presentment of an indictment of â€Å"grand jury†. While it is true that a few innocent people have â€Å"slipped through the cracks† of the justice system and been convicted and executed unfairly, it   is extremely rare. Usually, attorney’s find new evidence to support a criminal’s innocence by the time all appeals have been exhausted. Perhaps the most important factor in determining whether a defendant will receive the death penalty is the quality of the representation he or she is provided. Almost all defendants in capital cases cannot afford their own attorneys. In many cases, the appointed attorneys are overworked, underpaid, or lacking the trial experience required for death penalty cases. There have even been instances in which lawyers appointed to a death penalty case were so inexperienced that they were completely unprepared for the sentencing phase of the trial. Other appointed attorneys have slept through parts of the trial, or arrived at the court under the influence of alcohol. FACTS ABOUT ATTORNEY S AND THE DEATH PENALTY: †¢Almost all defendants who face capital charges cannot afford an attorney and rely on the state to appoint one for them. However, often times appointed attorneys are overworked, underpaid, lack critical resources, and are either incompetent or inexperienced. As a result when death sentences are set aside by the federal courts, it is often because among other reasons the trial attorney was so incompetent that the accused’s constitutional right to effective counsel was violated. Slipski 4 †¢In 2009, the U.N. Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions conducted an official visit to the United States to examine the administration of the death penalty in Alabama and Texas. Alabama has the highest per capita rate of executions in the United States, while Texas has the largest total number of executions and one of the largest death row  populations after California and Florida. The Special Rapporteur expressed concern about deficiencies in the administration of the death penalty in Alabama and Texas, including â€Å"the lack of adequate counsel for indigent defendants.† He called for the two states â€Å"to establish well-funded, state-wide public defender services† and recommended that â€Å"oversight of these should be independent of the executive and judicial branches.† The state of Alabama has no statewide public defender system even though its death row occupants are overwhelmingly poor with 95% indigent. †¢An examination of 461 capital cases by The Dallas Morning News found that nearly one in four condemned inmates has been represented at trial or on appeal by court-appointed attorneys who have been disciplined for professional misconduct at some point in their careers. †¢An investigation by the Texas Defender Service found that, â€Å"Death row inmates today face a one-in-three chance of being executed without having the case properly investigated by a competent attorney and without having any claims of innocence or unfairness presented or heard.† †¢In North Carolina, at least 16 death row inmates, including 3 who were executed, were represented by lawyers who have been disbarred or disciplined for unethical or criminal conduct. With all this being said regarding lawyers and the accused what do you think? Do you think if the accused had an expensive attorney that they would not be facing the death penalty and get life in prison instead? I guess that this is a question that we all would love to have the answer to. As they say money makes the world go round. Think of all the costs that are involved with the death penalty. Tax payers pay to house, cloth, food, and the medical bills alone for this one inmate will cost us millions. All the millions of dollars that are spent on this one life can be used to better our communities, or schools, educate our children, who are our future. We should stop wasting money on rehabilitation for these inmates, and put the money into what is important, our children, the future of The US. I fully support the death penalty, it makes me so upset to think back to the Cheshire, CT murders, the amount of money spent on two men who were caught at the scene of the crime, confessed to murdering an innocent woman and her kids, and beating her husband almost to death.  They should have been executed the day after they committed that horrific crime. Instead, the government wasted and is still wasting millions of dollars on two criminals who do not deserve to see the light of day. Something needs to change in our government. I believe Connecticut should be more like Texas. A state that enforces Capital Punishment to the fullest. Enough is enough! Criminals should not be running our lives and getting away with murder, literally! In conclusion, after reading all the facts stated above, how do you feel about the death penalty? Do you think we should be paying for these criminals to live in prison with a meal, a bed to sleep in, medical attention, and clothes on their backs? In my opinion the answer would be, no. Then again, everyone is entitled to their own opinion. The punishment should fit the crime, and I am all for an â€Å"eye for an eye†, â€Å"a tooth for a tooth†, what about you? Works Cited: Bureau of Justice Statistics. 16 Feb. 2006. The U.S. Department of Justice. 29 Nov. 2006. Texas Department of Criminal Justice www.tdcj.state.tx.us/stat/dr_facts.html U.S. Death Penalty Facts Amnesty International USA, www.amnestyusa.org Death Penalty Information Deathpenaltyinfo.org

Analysis of the U.S Sitcom Modern family from three theoretical perspectives Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Among the cultural theories that apply to the modern American families as portrayed in the comedy include functionalism and ecological theories. Structural functionalism theorists explain the role of different institutions and the influence that such institutions have on the development of families. Among the relevant institutions in the modern-day, American societies include schools, governments and families all of which play fundamental role in the interactions in the society. The comedy provides a relationship of numerous institutions including the family institution, schools and the government that influence the mindset and the development of the characters. In season four episode 23 for example stresses the interaction among families and the transfer of values from one family to another. Different families in the comedy have specific structures with the members of such families relating at various levels. When two or three of the families share a platform, the difference of the structures of the family readily manifest themselves thereby presenting the kind of conflicts in the contemporary urban American society. In the episode, Phil buys a new van with which he hopes to take his family on a trip to Florida. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of the U.S Sitcom Modern family from three theoretical perspectives or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This implies that the unity of a family is a fundamental social feature in the urban American society, as the family remains the basis social institution. Phil just as any other American family man strives to keep his family united by providing his family with safaris occasionally (Althusser 77). However, the van would not serve its purpose owing to the visiting family that also insists that they must accompany Phil’s family in their family expedition. As explained earlier, culture is a dynamic social concept that explains different family values. Family trips is an essential factor in most American families, Phil strives to provide his family a coveted family trip but just as explained families trade such values as the interaction among them intensifies. Phil’s new RV becomes inappropriate owing to the blotted family as their visitors also compete for a space in the van in order to travel with the family. At the same time, Jay and Glo ria obtain a perfect opportunity to snoop around Claire and Mitchells houses in the guise of helping Manny find her misplaced rucksack. Despite their crowded settlement arrangement, the three families enjoy their own privacies. Privacy remains a fundamental cultural feature in the modern day American society. People therefore make appropriate settlement arrangements in order to overcome the challenges that may arise from such social arrangements.